What Is Work Hardening?

Work Hardening

Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, in the steel industry refers to the process by which steel becomes stronger and harder as it is deformed or worked, typically through processes like rolling, drawing, or bending. As the steel undergoes mechanical deformation, the dislocations (defects) in its crystal structure multiple, making it more resistant to further deformation. This increase in dislocation density enhances the material's strength, but it also makes the steel less ductile (more brittle). Work hardening is commonly used to improve the strength and hardness of steel products without needing to heat them, and it is an important consideration in processes like cold working, where the steel is shaped at room temperature.